Applications of Quality Control in the Service Industries

Table of Contents

Foreword- William J. Ledger
Preface
Contributors
PART I. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Anatomy of the Vulva-Aikaterini Deliveliotou and George Creatsas
Introduction
Embryology of Vulva
Anatomy of the Vulva
Conclusion
References
Tissue Structure and Physiology of the Vulva- Miranda A. Farage and Howard I. Maibach
Introduction
Variations in Epithelial Structure
Blood Flow and Innervation
Hormonal Responsiveness
Immune Cell Populations
Tissue Hydration and Barrier Function
Permeability
Skin Irritation
Microbiology
Conclusion
References
Changes in the Vulva and Vagina Throughout Life- Miranda A. Farage, Howard I. Maibach, Aikaterini Deliveliotou, and George Creatsas
Introduction
Infancy and Early Childhood
Puberty
Reproductive Years
Menopause and Older Age
Conclusion
References
Microbial Ecology of the Vulva- Ronald W. Berg and Catherine C. Davis
Introduction
Anatomical Structure of the Vulva
Factors Controlling Microbial Growth and Diversity
Microflora of the Vulva
Conclusion
References

PART II. SYMPTOMS, DISEASES, AND THERAPIES
Are Vaginal Symptoms Ever Normal?- Matthew Anderson, Alison Karasz, and Sarah Friedland
Introduction
Characteristics of Normal Vaginal Discharge
Characteristics of Normal Vaginal Odor
Normalcy of Irritative Symptoms
Conclusion
References
Common Diseases of the Vulva- Diane Elas and Rudolph P. Galask
Introduction
Assessment
Physical Examination
Diseases that Cause Vulvar Burning
Diseases that Cause Vulvar Itching
Diseases that Cause Vulvar Pain
Diseases that Cause Vaginal Discharge
Conclusion
References
Idiopathic Vulvodynia- Lauren D. Arnold and Gloria A. Bachmann
Introduction
Symptoms
Etiology
Prevalence
Demographics
Comorbid Conditions
Gynecologic History
Psychosocial and Sexual Aspects
Diagnosis
Treatment
Conclusion
References
Vulvar Vestibulitis Syndrome- Miranda A. Farage and Rudolph P. Galask
Introduction
Definition and Disease Characteristics
Prevalence and Patient Demographics
Differential Diagnosis
Etiology
Management
Conclusion
References
Vulvar Therapies: Evidence Vs. Testimony- Natalie Moulton-Levy and Howard I. Maibach
Introduction
Vulvodynia
Eczematous and Papulosquamous Vulvar Dermatoses
Benign Vulvar Nodules or Tumors
Infectious Diseases
Vulvar Neoplasm
Conclusion
References

PART III. MENSES, HYGIENE, AND PRODUCTS
The Menstrual Cycle, the Composition of Menses, and the Effect of Menses on the Skin- Miranda A. Farage, William H. Hood, and Paula J. Adams Hillard
Introduction
The Menstrual Cycle
Composition and Properties of Menses
Effects of Menses and Venous Blood on the Skin
Conclusion
References
The Menstrual Cycle and the Skin- Birgit Drexler, Michael Landthaler, and Silvia Hohenleutner
Introduction
Hormonal Changes in the Course of the Menstrual Cycle
Influence of the Sex Hormones on the Skin
Premenstrual Syndrome
Menstrual Cycle and Associated Skin Disorders
Conclusion
References
Genital Hygiene: Culture, Practices, and Health Impact- Miranda A. Farage and Mario Bramante
Introduction
Genital Hygiene of Infants
Genital Hygiene Among Premenarchal Girls
Genital Hygiene Among Women of Reproductive Age
Genital Hygiene Among Older Women
Conclusion
References
Products for Vulvar Hygiene- Miranda A. Farage and Lisa Lennon
Introduction
Cleanliness and Odor-Control Products
Menstrual Protection Products
Products for Incontinence Control
Other Products Used on the Vulva
Medications
Conclusion
References

PART IV. ETHNICITY AND SOCIOLOGY
Vulva Ethnic Differences: An Overview- Marina Goldovsky and Howard I. Maibach
Introduction
Assessments of Variable Characteristics of Ethnically/Racially Different Skin
Lipid Content
Clinical Observations
Conclusion
References
Female Genital Alterations: A Sociological Perspective- Samar A. Farage
Introduction
The Management of Sexuality as a Problem: Postmasturbation Disease
Types of Female Genital Alterations
Procedures of the 19th and 20th Centuries
Contemporary Female Genital Alterations in North America
Conclusion
References

PART V. INVESTIGATIONAL METHODS
Bioengineering Methods for the Vulva- Sibylle Schliemann, Britta Opper, and Peter Elsner
Introduction
Common Bioengineering Techniques
Measuring Mechanical Properties
Conclusion
References
Transepidermal Water Loss Dynamics of Human Vulvar and Thigh Skin- Raphael Warren, Michaelle B. Jones, and Peter Elsner
Introduction
Evaluation of Transepidermal Water Loss
Transepidermal Water Loss Findings
Conclusion
References
Vulvar Toxicology- Christina Y. Wang and Howard I. Maibach
Introduction
Irritation of the Vulva
Bioengineering Methods of Assessment
Behind the Knee Test
Vulvar Dermatitis
Contact Urticaria
Conclusion
References
Consumer Research and In-Market Comments- Brigitte Nijs
Introduction
What Do Women Want from a Feminine Hygiene Pad?
Consumer Research Process for Feminine Hygiene Products
Quality Assurance for Production of Feminine Hygiene Products
Consumer Comments from Market Use
Conclusion
Reference
Index